ABSTRACT
Objectives@#The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has published “A Guideline for Unknown Disease Outbreaks (UDO).” The aim of this report was to introduce tabletop exercises (TTX) to prepare for UDO in the future. @*Methods@#The UDO Laboratory Analyses Task Force in Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in April 2018, assigned unknown diseases into 5 syndromes, designed an algorithm for diagnosis, and made a panel list for diagnosis by exclusion. Using the guidelines and laboratory analyses for UDO, TTX were introduced. @*Results@#Since September 9th , 2018, the UDO Laboratory Analyses Task Force has been preparing TTX based on a scenario of an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus. In December 2019, through TTX, individual missions, epidemiological investigations, sample treatments, diagnosis by exclusions, and next generation sequencing analysis were discussed, and a novel coronavirus was identified as the causal pathogen. @*Conclusion@#Guideline and laboratory analyses for UDO successfully applied in TTX. Conclusions drawn from TTX could be applied effectively in the analyses for the initial response to COVID-19, an ongoing epidemic of 2019 - 2020. Therefore, TTX should continuously be conducted for the response and preparation against UDO.
ABSTRACT
Neurofollicular hamartoma is an unusual, previously described neoplasm characterized by a stroma composed of proliferation of spindle cells and hyperplastic pilosebaceous units. The stroma has light microscopic and immunohistochemical features consistent with neuroid differentiation showing positive S-100 antigen. Lesions are almost invariably located on the face with strong predilection for the nose or nasolabial fold. A 35-year-old man presented with a solitary, skin-colored, dome-shaped papule that had been present on his right temple area for a few years. Clinical differential diagnosis included basal cell carcinoma, angiofibroma and intradermal nevus. Clinically, the lesion presents as a small, skin-colored, dome-shaped firm papule, 3 to 7 mm in diameter. Although clinical aspects of the lesion are not diagnostic, the histological features are very typical. Herein, we report a rare case of neurofollicular hamartoma on the right temple area.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Angiofibroma , Carcinoma, Basal Cell , Diagnosis, Differential , Hamartoma , Light , Nasolabial Fold , Nevus, Intradermal , NoseABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The incidence of infantile dermatoses shows a tendency to increase, despite medical development and environmental improvement. Infantile dermatoses must be regarded discretely, due to special characteristics of the neonatal and infantile skin. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of dermatologic diseases in the infant patients. METHODS: One hundred fifty nine out-patients, younger than 1 year who had visited the department of dermatology from January 2001 to December 2011, were analyzed, retrospectively. RESULTS: The 0~1 year age group accounted for 0.58% of all new patients (261/44,718). The ratio of male to female was 1 to 0.69. Patients visited the hospital most frequently in the winter (34.5%). The most common disease was atopic dermatitis (30.3%), followed by hemangioma (9.2%), and irritant contact dermatitis (7.7%). The most common disease group was eczema (44.8%), followed by an infectious skin disease (19.2%), and dermal and subcutaneous tumors (10.7%). CONCLUSION: This study provides useful data on the incidence and characteristics of dermatologic diseases in infant patients.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Dermatitis, Atopic , Dermatitis, Contact , Dermatology , Eczema , Hemangioma , Incidence , Outpatients , Skin Diseases , Skin Diseases, InfectiousABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Melanogenesis is one of the characteristic parameters of differentiation in melanocytes and melanoma cells. Specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), such as wortmannin and LY294002, stimulate melanin production in mouse and in human melanoma cells, suggesting that PI3K and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) might be involved in the regulation of melanogenesis. OBJECTIVE: The involvement of the mTOR pathway in regulating melanogenesis was examined using human MNT-1 melanoma cells, and the effects of the potent inhibitor of mTOR, rapamycin, in the presence or absence of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) were evaluated. METHODS: In cells treated with rapamycin, cell viability, melanin content, and tyrosinase (TYR) activity were measured and compared with untreated controls. Protein levels of TYR, tyrosinase-related protein (TYRP)-1, TYRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) were also analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: In rapamycin-treated cells, the melanin content increased concomitantly with an elevation in TYR activity, which plays a major role in melanogenesis. There was also an up-regulation of TYR, TYRP-1, and MITF proteins. Combined treatment with rapamycin or wortmannin and alpha-MSH increased melanogenesis more strongly than alpha-MSH alone. CONCLUSION: Rapamycin-induced melanin formation may be mediated through the up-regulation of TYR protein and activity. Furthermore, rapamycin and wortmannin, inhibitors of mTOR and PI3K, respectively, have co-stimulatory effects with alpha-MSH in enhancing melanogenesis in melanocyte cells.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , alpha-MSH , Androstadienes , Cell Survival , Chromones , Melanins , Melanocytes , Melanoma , Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor , Monophenol Monooxygenase , Morpholines , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase , Sirolimus , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare entity of all soft tissue sarcomas. It has four different types of glandular, melanocytic, rhabdomyoblastic, and epithelioid. Epithelioid MPNST is composed of predominantly epithelioid cells. In contrast, typical MPNST is consisted of spindle cells, which is arranged in a fascicular or whirling pattern. A 33-old man showed two skin-color to reddish brown protruding nodules on the left thigh. Microscopically, one nodule was made up of epithelioid cell, primarily. In addition, the other nodule was composed of epithelioid cells and spindle cells, which also showed Antoni A and B. Immunohistochemical study showed the cells being positive for S-100 protein (weak and focal) and neuron-specific enolase, and negative for HMB-45, smooth muscle actin. Herein, we report a case of two different forms of malignant nerve sheath tumor on the left thigh, which was not associated with neurofibromatosis-1.
Subject(s)
Actins , Epithelioid Cells , Muscle, Smooth , Nerve Sheath Neoplasms , Neurilemmoma , Neurofibromatoses , Peripheral Nerves , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase , Prognosis , S100 Proteins , Sarcoma , ThighABSTRACT
Mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris (MFPP) is a rare form of mycosis fungoides that is confined to the palms and soles. The clinical manifestation of MFPP is often confused with inflammatory palmoplantar dermatoses. Mycosis fungoides is usually considered as a disease of middle age, but it is rarely developed at any age. A 10-year-old girl was referred to us with a 2-year history of recalcitrant palmoplantar dermatoses. Other clinics had treated her for more than 2 years, but all medical treatments turned out to have had no effect, despite her young age. She had not had any atopic dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis. Histopathologic findings showed inflammatory cell infiltration and lymphocytic epidermotrophism. Monoclonal TCR-rearrangement was positive, so we diagnosed her as having MFPP. We tried to treat her with topical PUVA therapy and she improved within 3 months. Herein, we report on a case of mycosis fungoides Palmaris et plantaris in a 10-year-old girl that was treated successfully with topical PUVA.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Middle Aged , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact , Dermatitis, Atopic , Mycosis Fungoides , Organophosphorus Compounds , PUVA Therapy , Skin DiseasesABSTRACT
Erlotinib (Tarceva(R)) is a new anti-cancer agent that acts by inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signal transduction. It is currently used in the treatment of advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. A patient consulted our clinic and she had erythematous patches and vesicles on the submandibular area. She had taken erlotinib for the treatment of recurred lung cancer for 2 weeks. We report here on a case of radiation recall dermatitis that was induced by erlotinib in a 69-year-old woman who was previously irradiated on her submandibular area.